

DEFINITION = Functional appliances are defined as ‘loose fitting or passive appliances which harness the natural forces of the orofacial musculature that are transmitted to the teeth and alveolar bone through the medium of appliance’.
ACTIVATOR 4m**
Mechanism of action 2m
Indications 2m
Contraindications
Advantage
Disadvantage = pt compliance
TYPES of activator
FABRICATION STEPS
MODIFICATIONS
BOW ACTIVATOR
DIET OF DENTAL CARIES
Classification of sugars
Total sugars
Laterally positioned flap
Coronally positioned flap
Semilunar coronally positioned flap
Subepithelial CTG
GTR
POUCH AND TUNNEL = It allows for CREEPING REATTACHMENT of marginal gingiva.
Soft tissue | Hard tissue |
gingiva, tongue, mucosaAffinity towards water and pigmentPrimary effect is heating Diode, Nd:YAG and C02 lasersDiode = 655 – 980Nd;yag = 1064CO2 = 10600 | enamel and boneAffinity for water and hydroxyapatite’Erbium lasers with wavelength 2780, 2790, 2740 |