

Sign and symptoms of acromegaly [ mnemonics]

Here’s a list of the few laboratory tests and investigations which are helpful & specific for diagnosis of certain diseases and conditions.
Sources : Burkets oral medicine 11th edition,Shafer’s textbook of oral pathology 7th edition,www.glasbergen.com
By Dr Musaddika Shaikh Dentowesome @drmusaddikashaikh
Formation of Carbamoyl Phosphate :- Carbamoyl Phosphate synthase 1st present in mitochondria catalyses condensation of NH ions with CO2 to form carbamoyl phosphate. This step consumes 2ATP and is irreversible.
Formation of citrulline :- It is synthesized from carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1st and Ornithine by transcarbomyle. Ornithine is regenerated and used in urea cycle.
Formation of Arginosuccinate :- It condenses citrulline with aspartate to produce Arginosuccinate. 2amino group of urea is involved in reaction. This step requires ATP which is cleaved to AMP.
Formation of Argentine :- Arginosuccinate breakes to form argenine and fumarate.
Formation of Urea :- Arginase is final enzyme which cleaves argenine to yeild urea and orthinine. Orthinine enters mitochondria for its reuse in urea cycle.
Reaction :-NH4+CO2+ASPARTATE+3ATP = UREA+FUMARATE+2ADP+2PIi+AMP+Ppi
Reference :- Biochemistry book U. Satyanarayan, U Chakrapani. Google website
By Dr Musaddika Shaikh Dentowesome @drmusaddikashaikh
Reaction :- Glucose+2ADP+2Pi = 2Lactase+2APP
Reference :- Books Human Physiology for bds A.K Jain Google website expii
source – don’t remember, had written it a lot time ago
To understand the pathophysiology of phenylketonuria, show that when phenylalanine accumulates at toxic levels, it transaminates into:
Carbidopa
Therapeutics
• Molecules can get from one to another without having to cross a membrane.
• Nuclear envelope, ER, Golgi, transport vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, and extracellular space = topologically equivalent