Written by : Dr. Urusa I Inamdar
Introduction:
Paracetamol and acetaminophen are two official names of the same chemical compound derived from its chemical name : N-acetyl-para-aminophenol . It is an aniline derivative and the most extensively used over-the-counter and prescription analgesic worldwide . It has analgesic and anti-pyretic properties similar to non – steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) but contrary to them , it does not possess any antiinflammatory properties .
Pharmacodynamics:
It acts mainly in the CNS by inhibiting cyclo oxygenase ( COX-2 ) . It acts by preventing the oxidation of inactive COX to active COX and thereby preventing prostaglandins synthesis through an active metabolite influencing cannabinoid receptors .
Pharmacokinetics:
It is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract . The peak plasma concentrations are reached in about 2-3 hrs after rectal administration and reaches total serum concentrations of 5-20 micro g/ml . It is primarily metabolized in the liver by conjugation to gluconide and sulfate .
Indications:
- Analgesic
- Antipyretic
Contraindications:
- Alcoholism
- Hepatic disease
- Viral hepatitis
- Hypertension
Drug interactions:
Paracetamol interacts with enzyme inducing substances , such as isoniazid , carbamazepine , phenytoin or barbiturates , as well as chronic alcohol excess which increases N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine production and the risk of toxicity .
Adverse reactions:
- Allegic dermatitis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Agranulocytosis
- Hepatic necrosis
Dosage and administration:
As directed by the physician
Presentation:
Each suppository contains Paracetamol 125 mg
Reference:
- CIMS – prescribers handbook
- Kulkarni R et al. Indian J Pharmacol 2007
- Cullen S et al Arch Dis Child
- Roberts E et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016
It’s difficult to find well-informed people about this topic, however, you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
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