it is also known as keratocystic odontogenic tumor ( KOT)
odontogenic keratocyst
OSTEOSARCOMA
also known as osteogenic sarcoma
Ortho Case 4.2
An 11-year-old female presented with a class II division 1 malocclusion on a moderate skeletal class II pattern with reduced vertical dimensions complicated by an increased overjet (11mm), increased overbite, generalized spacing and bi-maxillary proclination.
The aetiology of this malocclusion is multi-factorial.
The moderate skeletal class II discrepancy resulted in an increased overjet and class II molar relationship. The overjet was exacerbated by the presence of a lower lip trap. The generalized spacing was a result of an underlying dento-alveolar disproportion. This was compounded by bi-maxillary proclination, which arose due to resting soft tissue pressures and dento-alveolar compensation.
TREATMENT PLAN
• Integration of twin block functional and sectional lower fixed Herbst appliancee
• Continuation of functional appliance wear at night
only
• Use of headgear
• Inter-arch class II elastic traction following fixed
appliance placement
The prognosis for long-term stability of class II correction is good in this case, as the new maxillary incisor position will be controlled by the lower lip following the achievement of lip competence.
Ortho Case 4.1
A 12-year-old female presented with a class II division 1 malocclusion on a moderate skeletal class II pattern, with increased vertical dimensions complicated by an increased overjet (12mm), crowding of both dental arches and teasing in relation to her dento-facial appearance.
What is treatment plan?
TREATMENT PLAN
1) Functional appliance like Dynamax or Twin block (more preffered as overjet reduction is more effective) = maxillary retroclination, mandibular incisor proclination, guides the eruption of posterior dentition.
2) Need of Headgear with torqueing spurs = restricts maxillary forward growth and tipping of maxillary incisors.
3) Extraction of four second premolars followed by edge to edge appliances for stability of class II correction.
What is most likely diagnosis – 1
Highly elevated alkaline phosphatase is a good marker of Paget’s disease of bone in the appropriate clinical setting. Bone sequestration is often secondary to chronic osteomyelitis in the jaws. Bisphosphonates are used to treat Paget’s disease and also have been linked to jaw osteonecrosis.
How to care for your child’s teeth
TMJ Disorders in Oral Surgery – Dr NTRUHS – Last 15 years Q and A
Picture based diagnosis case 1
Study the two radiographs which are of the same
patient at (a) 19 years and (b) 34 years of age.
1 . What is the most likely periodontal diagnosis at 34
years of age?
Generalised aggressive periodontitis. The severity
of bone resorption and the radiographic absence of
signs of resorption at 19 years preclude a diagnosis of
chronic periodontitis.
2 . What does the initial phase of treatment involve?
Initially conventional cause-related treatment
is instigated: instruction in toothbrushing and
use of adjunctive aids for interproximal and
subgingival cleaning, RSI, prophylaxis. Ultimately,
treatments such as surgery and the adjunctive use of
antimicrobials might be indicated, but conventional
treatment is first in line.
3 . The patient has a sister who is aged 29 years. What
advice might you offer?
Periodontal screening and radiographic examination.
There is evidence that certain subjects are at high risk
from developing aggressive periodontitis and this
risk may be under genetic control. Siblings should
be screened and affected individuals with children
warned that early signs may develop from around
puberty onwards
Case History 4 in Diseases of bone and the maxillary sinus
A 35-year-old man presents with gross loosening of both his lower left premolar teeth. The gingiva around them looks swollen and is purple–brown in colour. A radiograph shows irregular bone destruction to the apices. Incisional biopsy shows multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells in a haemorrhagic fibrous stroma.
- Which investigations should now be performed?
The serum calcium level should be measured and radiographs reviewed to exclude hyperparathyroidism. - If these prove negative, what treatment should be undertaken?
The lesion should be treated by local removal with curettage. - Which other lesions in the jaws contain multinucleate giant cells of this type?
Osteoclast-like giant cells are found in- giant-cell granuloma
- brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism
- Pagetʼs disease of bone
- aneurysmal bone cyst
- some fibro-osseous lesions, particularly cherubism.
INTRODUCTION Over the ages, oral health care has been delivered to the community in different ways. The horseback dentistry of olden days has evolved into the most modern painless dental procedures. In India, about 70% of the population live in rural areas whereas 70% of the dentists practice in urban areas. We seldom find certain dental offices and few government establishments in rural areas, which lack the required infrastructure.WHAT ARE MOBILE DENTALCLINICS? A mobile dental clinic is used primarily when oral health care is be delivered to small pockets of patients that are scattered over a specific geographic area. The mobile clinic generally is parked at a facility such as a school, residential facility or community center.SALIENT FEATURES:- •Useful life is shorter than a fixed facility. •Requirement of water and waste disposal methods. •Dental equipment can be a traditional or a portable one. •Requirement of a generator on board to provide electricity.TARGETED POPULATIONS FOR MOBILE DENTAL SERVICES:- •Low-income individuals or families. •Isolated or very rural rural populations. •Persons in residential care facilities. •People who are “ homebound”, bedridden, very frail or receiving hospital services at home. •Persons with a variety of special health care needs. •Migrant and seasonal workers. •People who are homeless or temporarily displaced.WHY MOBILE CLINICS ARE PREFERRED OVER USUAL ONES? •Moderate start up costs. •It addresses the problem of transportation to the clinics. •It decreases missed appointments when run in conjunction with schools. •Services can be made available at multiple sites. •Services are made available to the needy population. Even though mobile clinics are preferred over the usual ones, but they do have certain disadvantages. Let’s have a look at certain “disadvantages” of it:- •High maintenance costs may occur. •Difficult to access and store patient record. •Provides limited services and follow up may be difficult. •Requires permission for site use. •Difficult to use during monsoon. ESSENTIALS OF MOBILE DENTAL CLINIC:- The mobile dental clinic should be equipped with 2 dental chairs with all attachments and seating space for 15-20 people. 1.PORTABLE DENTAL UNIT:-•Dental chair should be portable and easy to handle. It should be able to be folded for easy transportation. All the parts should be detachable type and well balanced and sturdy. •Mobile suitcase unit: Fitted with aerotar and micromotor hand piece. •Scaler with 3 scaling tips. •Control box with transparent, regulated water tank and foot control.2.OPERATING LIGHT:- Two, intensity fixed with hinge on the top of the van. 3.DENTAL X-RAY UNIT:- X-ray unit with digital arm timer and day light manual developer. 4.AUTOCLAVE:- High speed automatic instrument autoclave. 5.METAL CABINETS WITH WASH BASIN 6.WATER TANK: 400 litres capacity. 7.HEALTH EDUCATION MODELSPARTNERSHIPS IN PROVIDING MOBILE DENTAL SERVICES:-Some of the group or Individuals who could potentially be partners are:- •GOVERNMENT:-State/ Local, Health Department, Department of Social Service. •COMMUNITY:- Local community, Business Leaders, Foundations. •PUBLIC:- Patient Care Advocate, Organizations that promote health. •POLICY:- Local and Community Policy Makers. •HIGHER/ PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION:- Medical schools ,Dental schools and Allied Health Schools.CONCLUSION A fully-equipped mobile dental clinic is to provide effective dental care at the doorsteps of underprivileged, rural population is the need of the hour. The key to a successful dental practice is a cohesive dental team, which will create an atmosphere of co-operation resulting in the achievement of the goals of oral health in the coming up years.REFERENCE Essentials of public health dentistry-Soben Peter
Public Health Dentistry at Ease..
Concepts of Health & Disease
Health is a basic human need and better health improves your quality of life.
There are various changing concepts of Health . Absence of disease being the traditional concept – Biomedical concept . Health is perceived in different ways nowadays giving rise to following concepts:
1. Biomedical concept
2.Ecological concept : Health is perceived as balance between man and his environment and one who cannot adjust is not fit to be called healthy.
3. Psychosocial concept : Health is also influenced by social, psychological , cultural , economic and political factors of the people concerned.
4.Holistic concept : is an integrated approach towards wellbeing of the human being.
This was keypoints about concepts of Health. I hope it helps .
Case History 2 – Diseases of bone and the maxillary sinus
A 60-year-old man has been treated for a T2N0M0 squamous-cell carcinoma by radical radiotherapy. He has a history of chronic alcoholism and was a heavy smoker. Six years after treatment, he develops a painful ulcer in the alveolar mucosa in the treated area following minor trauma. His pain worsens and the bone became progressively exposed. He is treated by a partial mandibular resection with graft.
- What diagnosis is most likely?
The features suggest osteoradionecrosis. Recurrent carcinoma is possible but less likely. - How does radiotherapy damage tissues and what structural features might be seen in the bone?
Radiotherapy damages tissues by producing free radicals. DNA damage may prevent cell division and repair. Endoarteritis obliterans results in reduced vascular supply to the tissues. Bone may become necrotic, showing osteocyte death, sequestration and breakdown of the matrix. Infection may result in osteomyelitis - What changes may arise in irradiated connective tissues 10 years after exposure?
Mutations and other genetic damage may lead to neoplasia in irradiated tissues. Osteosarcoma can arise in this way.
Dentowesome 